Redefining “Doula” in End of Life Care
I am the descendant of a feminist grandmother who, at my bridal shower, advised me to “always keep your own checkbook” when others advised me to never go to bed angry. My rootedness in feminism and my background in communication disorders spark me to address the term doula. The word, derived from ancient Greek, which meant female slave or servant, has given me pause. This article explores the complexity of using this term in modern end of life care and proposes redefining and reclaiming the word.
The Etymology of “Doula”
The term “doula” has a long and complex history and has evolved to describe a person who provides support and guidance during significant life transitions, often including a medical aspect. Examples of this are childbirth, stillbirth, abortion, and death. However, the historical connotations of servitude and gender-specific roles linger.
A study by Cole Imperi and the School of American Thanatology sought to understand people’s thoughts about the word “doula” in death care. The results, available on the American Thanatology website, reveal a diverse range of associations, some of which are:
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- Wealth and privilege
- Alternative lifestyles
- Race and gender
- Historical oppression
These perceptions highlight the complexity of using this term and the need for careful consideration of its implications.
Gender Dynamics in End of Life Care
It’s crucial to note that most doulas, both in birth and death care, identify as women. This gender imbalance raises important questions, particularly in the death care industry: Why aren’t more individuals who identify as men stepping into this role?
This gender disparity also intersects with economic considerations. As we strive to reclaim death care as a community practice rather than a purely medical one, we’re also challenging existing monetary exchange systems. Some argue that doula work should be free, reflecting its community-oriented nature. However, this perspective overlooks the reality that many practitioners rely on this work for income. The reality of the gender pay gap continues to exist and also affects the field of end of life care.
Identity in End of Life Care
The landscape of end of life care continues to evolve, and with it, the need for clear, professional terminology becomes increasingly apparent. As noted by Donna Belk, Kateyanne Unullisi, and Lee Webster in their article Clearly Defined: Matching Our Terminology to Our Intentions, clarifying our roles goes beyond labels. It’s about providing a comprehensive understanding of what we do. It affects how we perceive ourselves as professionals, how our clients understand our roles, and how the broader healthcare system integrates our services.
Cultural Sensitivity and Inclusive Care
All cultures have long traditions of death work carried out by community members. For instance, my Celtic and Bohemian ancestors performed these roles as death workers in their communities. Understanding our history and the variety of ways different cultures worldwide experience and express death care informs how we tend to others.
As we reconsider the term “doula,” it’s important to acknowledge that words carry different weights in various cultural contexts. In a field as diverse and personal as end of life care, we must be mindful of how our terminology might be perceived across different communities. I feel this deeply as a spiritual care provider and parallel the importance of varying views.
While we honor the strength and resilience of those who have performed this work throughout history, we must also acknowledge the painful legacy of abusive labor, particularly for Black women in America who were enslaved and forced into caregiving roles.
This reflection on language opens up a broader conversation about culturally competent care. How can we ensure our professional identity and terms resonate positively with people from all backgrounds? And how can we ensure this service is available to everyone who wants it?
Reclaiming “Doula” in an Empowered Way
Can we reclaim this term and infuse it with new meaning and a whole lot of love? The process of reclaiming words is not uncommon. Many communities have successfully redefined terms and transformed the power dynamics associated with language, turning terms of oppression into symbols of pride and identity. This process often involves acknowledging the terminology’s painful history while asserting the affected community’s right to define themselves on their own terms.
Here are some notable examples of linguistic reclamation:
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- “Bitch”: Originally a misogynistic insult, some feminists have reclaimed this word as a term of empowerment and to challenge sexist attitudes.
- “Suffragette”: Initially used as a diminutive term to mock women campaigning for the right to vote, the movement adopted it as a badge of honor.
- “Queer”: Once a derogatory slur, this term has been reclaimed by the LGBTQ+ community as an inclusive, affirming identity label.
- “Black”: In the 1960s, the Black Power movement reclaimed “Black” as a term of pride, replacing the then-common “Negro” or “colored.”
A Call for Reflection and Action
As professionals in end of life care, we are responsible for our practices’ ethics and value expression, including the language we use. This reflection encompasses gender equality, fair compensation, cultural sensitivity, and honoring diverse historical traditions in death care.
I invite you, whether you’re fellow practitioners, healthcare professionals, or members of the public, to engage in this conversation and share your thoughts, experiences, and perspectives. By collectively addressing these linguistic, identity, and systemic issues, we can work towards a future where our terminology and practices truly reflect the compassionate, professional, and inclusive nature of end of life care.
In doing so, we honor not only the wisdom of those who came before us, from my feminist grandmother to the countless unnamed individuals who have tended to the dying throughout history, but also the dignity of those we serve. Together, we can shape a future for equitable, respectful, and deeply human end of life care. Regardless of using the word “doula” or not.
Grace & Peace,
Rhea Mader, CT
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